GUAVA:
Psidium guajava L.
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Introduction
Nutritive Values
(per 100g edible portion)
| Energy |
51.0k cal |
| Protein |
0.9g |
| Fat |
.3g |
| Carbohydrates |
11.2g |
| Calcium |
10.0mg |
| Phosphorus |
28.0mg |
| Iron |
1.4mg |
| Thiamine |
30.0ug |
| Riboflavin |
30.0ug |
| Vit. C |
212.0mg |
Medicinal Values
Good source of calcium & Vit. C. Useful
in hemorrhoids, juice suitable for invalids.
Major Growing Areas
Mostly in the Wet and Intermediate zones
Recommended
Varieties
Bangkok Giant, Horana Red, Horana white,
Pubudu and Kanthi (a dwarf variety)
 |
 |
| Bangkok Giant |
Horana white |
 |
 |
| Horana Red |
Pubudu |
 |
| Kanthi |
Field
Establishment
| Ecological
requirements |
| Annual rain fall |
1000 - 4000 mm |
| Temperature |
23o - 28oC (can
tolerate temperatures as high as 45oC) |
| Elevation |
1500 - 2000 m - (Suitable for all 3 zones.
Dry intermediate and wet zones) |
| |
|
| Soil requirements |
Sandy to day loam
A wide range of pH - 4.5 - 9.0
Slight tolerance to salinity & water logging
Tolerant to drought |
| Propagation |
Patch budding (commonly used), Modified
forkette budding, shield budding, air layering |
| Planting |
|
| Size of planting hole |
60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm |
| Spacing |
4.5 - 5.0 m x 4.5 - 5.0 m |
| |
|
Crop
Management
Nature of cultivation
Scattered; small scale cultivations and in
home gardens.
| Mulching |
During dry spells improves fruit size |
| |
|
| Fertilizing |
N:P2OJ : K2O,
12:14:14 mixture as recommended by DOA. |
| |
|
| Training
& pruning |
3-4 well spaced braches, aring at 60cm
above ground. Tree should be maintained at a 3 m height to facilitate harvesting. |
| |
|
| Insect
pest |
|
| Fruit fly (Bactocera spp.) |
| Characteristics |
Control |
• Female fly pierces mature fruits &
lays eggs |
• Covering immature fruits |
• Larvae feed on flesh, causing secondary
infections & finally rotting of fruit |
• Harvesting before full
maturity |
|
• Destroying ripe fruits fallen on ground |
• Use traps containing
methyl euginol |
|
Thrips (Selenothrips rubrocinctus)
 |
| Characteristics |
Control |
• Nursery and young plants
are attacked |
• Use of a systemic insecticide
if the damage is severe. Fipronil, Imidachlorprid or Carbosulfan
are effective |
• Both pupae & adult suck underneath
of the leaf, leading to yellowish spots. This resulting in completely
dried leaves causing seedling death |
|
|
Myloceras & Phylophaga spp.
 |
| Characteristics |
Control |
• Adult insect feeds on leaves at night
and not seen during daytime |
• Use of a systemic insecticide,
if damage is severe |
• Severe damages occur in some seasons
of the year |
|
|
Leaf eating caterpillar
 |
| Characteristics |
Control |
• Caterpillar feeds on young leaves &
the growing point by folding & webbing leaves |
• Removal of insects |
• This results in growth retardation
of main stem and formation of many side shoots |
• Use of a systemic insecticide
if the damage is severe |
|
| |
|
| Diseases |
|
| Scab - (pestatotia
spp) |
Use of copper funigicides |
| Wilt disease - (Macrophoma spp
and Fusarium spp) |
Uproot and removal of diseased plants
parts & destroy |
Harvesting
& Post-harvest Technology
| Fruiting
commences |
2 - 2.5 yrs of age. (budded materials) |
|
|
| Time
taken to fruit maturity |
120 - 150 days |
|
|
| Yield |
Colour changes from dark green to light
greenish yellow with the stalk attached.
When plucking fruits removal of 2 leaves close to fruit stimulates
the growth of flush with flowers. |
Mean fruit vield of recommended
varieties
|
t/ha/yr
|
| Bangkok Giant |
22.0
|
| Pubudu |
20.0
|
| Horana White |
20.0
|
| Horan Red |
17.9
|
| Kanthi |
20.0
|
Value Added Products
Jams, canned fruit, jelly, juice, flavoring
agent.
Economics
& Marketing
Availability
Year round
Recent Developments in Vegetative Propagation Techniques for Guava
In addition to commonly used patch method
of budding following methods can also be practiced.
1. Wedge grafting:
Percentage success of wedge grafting
is higher than that of patch method of budding. Also wedge grafted plants grow
vigorously at initial stage of grafting.
2. Chip budding:
This can be practiced when the plant
is not in active growth and the bark does not separate easily which is an advantage
over the patch budding.
3. Inarching:
Grafting of a large shoot while
it is on the mother plant, so that a largely grown plant can be obtained as
planting materials. This method of propagation can also be used as a method
of reviving old trees.
4. Top working:
Guava can be top worked to replace
the unwanted trees with high yielding varieties of good quality. Crown of the
existing tree is removed leaving 1-2 branches for maintenance purposes. (Once
new growth establishes these are removed). When new emerged shoots develop into
suitable stem girth they are drip or patch budded.
About
us / Organogram
/ Directorate
/ Publications
/ News /Agriculture
Information / Rice
Research / Horticultural
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Field Crop Research / Extension
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Certification & Plant Protection / Socio
Economic & Planning / Administration
/ Finance
